Nutritional science
Research
Links to nutritional science studies supporting low carb, ketogenic & carnivore diets
As not all science can be trusted, I do not necessarily endorse each study presented here.
To help discern good science from bad, see the following:
- Where does nutrition misinformation come from?
- science+ (a collection of more than 60 articles discussing the problems with “science”, collated by Matt on 𝕏)
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Show All Low carbohydrate & ketogenic diets High protein diets Meat-only diets Meat consumption Nutrients in animal source foods Vegetarian & vegan diets Plant compounds Food industry Ethics Climate & environment
Low carbohydrate & ketogenic diets
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Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial
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The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study Loading... - Beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in obese diabetic subjects Loading...
- Carbohydrate restriction has a more favorable impact on the metabolic syndrome than a low fat diet Loading...
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Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low‐carbohydrate vs. low‐fat/low‐calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities
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Effects of weight loss during a very low carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial
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Ketogenic diet and health
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Favorable effects of a ketogenic diet on physical function, perceived energy, and food cravings in women with ovarian or endometrial cancer: a randomized, controlled trial Loading... - Ketogenic diet for cancer: critical assessment and research recommendations Loading...
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Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum Loading... -
A carbohydrate-restricted diet during resistance training promotes more favorable changes in body composition and markers of health in obese women with and without insulin resistance
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Treating binge eating and food addiction symptoms with low-carbohydrate Ketogenic diets: a case series
Loading... - Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in fuel metabolism, signaling, and therapeutics Loading...
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Dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality and risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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The ketogenic diet for refractory mental illness: A retrospective analysis of 31 inpatients
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The therapeutic properties of ketogenic diets, slow-wave sleep, and circadian synchrony
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Safety, efficacy, and tolerability of modified Atkins diet in persons with drug-resistant epilepsy. A randomized controlled trial
Loading... - Mental, emotional, and behavioral effects of ketogenic diet for non-epileptic neuropsychiatric conditions Loading...
- Insulin-lowering diets in metastatic cancer Loading...
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SAT-LB125 broad spectrum effects of a ketogenic diet delivered by remote continuous care on inflammation and immune modulators in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
Loading... - Carbohydrate intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies Loading...
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Ketogenic diet as a metabolic treatment for mental illness
Loading... - Feasibility and efficacy data from a ketogenic diet intervention in Alzheimer's disease Loading...
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Abstract 291: A ketogenic diet rewires pancreatic cancer metabolism towards an actionable metabolic
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Dietary sugar consumption and health: Umbrella review
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What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of a lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss
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Ketogenic diet as a promising non-drug intervention for Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and clinical implications
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Ketogenic diets and appetite regulation
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Ketogenic diet decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial respiratory complex activity
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Low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic diets on the exercise crossover point and glucose homeostasis
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Animal-based ketogenic diet puts severe anorexia nervosa into multi-year remission: A case series
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Renal function in patients following a low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes: a review of the literature and analysis of routine clinical data from a primary care service over 7 years
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Is a calorie really a calorie? Metabolic advantage of low-carbohydrate diets
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Ketogenic diet inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation
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Ketogenic diet in Glut 1 deficiency through the life cycle: pregnancy to neonate to preschooler
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Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial
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Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study
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High protein diets
- The effects of a high-protein diet on bone mineral density in exercise-trained women: a 1-year investigation Loading...
- Changes in kidney function do not differ between healthy adults consuming higher- compared with lower- or normal-protein diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis Loading...
- Increased consumption of dairy foods and protein during diet- and exercise-induced weight loss promotes fat mass loss and lean mass gain in overweight and obese premenopausal women Loading...
- Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum Loading...
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Acute and long-term impact of high-protein diets on endocrine and metabolic function, body composition, and exercise-induced adaptations
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Meat-only diets
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A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) successfully treated with the Paleolithic ketogenic diet: A 19-month insulin freedom
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Crohn's disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet
Loading... - Behavioral characteristics and self-reported health status among 2029 adults consuming a “carnivore diet” Loading...
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Consuming an all-meat ketogenic diet for the long-term management of candida vulvovaginitis and vaginal hidradenitis suppurativa: a 47-month follow-up case report
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Halted progression of soft palate cancer in a patient treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet alone: a 20-months follow-up
Loading... - Glycation, ageing and carnosine: Are carnivorous diets beneficial? Loading...
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The effects on human beings of a twelve months’ exclusive meat diet
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Prolonged meat diets with a study of kidney function and ketosis
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The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene
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Can a carnivore diet provide all essential nutrients?
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Meat consumption
- Dietary intake of red meat, processed meat, and poultry and risk of colorectal cancer and all-cause mortality in the context of dietary guideline compliance Loading...
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Meat and mental health: A meta-analysis of meat consumption, depression, and anxiety
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Effect of lower versus higher red meat intake on cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes
Loading... - Diets with high-fat cheese, high-fat meat, or carbohydrate on cardiovascular risk markers in overweight postmenopausal women: a randomized crossover trial Loading...
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Meat and mental health: a systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena
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Higher non-processed red meat consumption is associated with a reduced risk of central nervous system demyelination
Loading... - Meat supplementation improves growth, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes in Kenyan children Loading...
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The role of red meat in the diet: nutrition and health benefits
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Food consumption and the actual statistics of cardiovascular diseases: an epidemiological comparison of 42 European countries
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Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study
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Towards a paradigm shift in cholesterol treatment. A re-examination of the cholesterol Issue in Japan: Abstracts
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Should dietary guidelines recommend low red meat intake?
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Unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption: Dietary Guideline recommendations from the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) Consortium
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Total meat intake is associated with life expectancy: A cross-sectional data analysis of 175 contemporary populations
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LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature
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Red meat consumption and risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Loading... - A brief history of meat in the human diet and current health implications Loading...
- Plasma amino acid appearance and status of appetite following a single meal of red meat or a plant-based meat analog: A randomized crossover clinical trial Loading...
- Dietary cholesterol and the lack of evidence in cardiovascular disease Loading...
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Saturated fat: villain and bogeyman in the development of cardiovascular disease?
Loading... - The impact of dietary intervention on the cognitive development of Kenyan school children Loading...
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Child-owned poultry intervention effects on hemoglobin, anemia, concurrent anemia and stunting, and morbidity status of young children in southern Ethiopia: A cluster randomized controlled community trial
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United States dietary trends since 1800: lack of association between saturated fatty acid consumption and non-communicable diseases
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Meat matters - making the case for a valuable food in a hostile environment
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Dietary saturated fats and health: Are the U.S. Guidelines evidence-based?
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WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach?
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Fat or fiction: the diet-heart hypothesis
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Dietary saturated fat and heart disease: a narrative review
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Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
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Evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support current dietary fat guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73)
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Dietary fatty acids in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
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Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
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Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials
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The role of meat in the human diet: evolutionary aspects and nutritional value
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Nutrients in animal source foods
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Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health
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Role of carnitine in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies with carnitine supplementation and carnitine deficiency
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Severe nutritional vitamin deficiency in a breast-fed infant of a vegan mother
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Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in a breast-fed infant of a vegan-diet mother
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Estimated micronutrient shortfalls of the EAT–Lancet planetary health diet
Loading... - Debunking the vegan myth: The case for a plant-forward omnivorous whole-foods diet Loading...
- Nutritional importance of animal source foods Loading...
- Meat as a component of a healthy diet – are there any risks or benefits if meat is avoided in the diet? Loading...
- Animal source foods: Sustainability problem or malnutrition and sustainability solution? Perspective matters Loading...
- Friend or foe? The role of animal-source foods in healthy and environmentally sustainable diets Loading...
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Bovine colostrum: An emerging nutraceutical
Loading... - The hidden dangers of plant-based diets affecting bone health: A cross-sectional study with U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data from 2005–2018 Loading...
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Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review
Loading... - Fatty acid and antioxidant profile of eggs from pasture-raised hens fed a corn- and soy-free diet and supplemented with grass-fed beef suet and liver Loading...
- An increase in the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio increases the risk for obesity Loading...
- Effects of consuming ounce-equivalent portions of animal- vs. plant-based protein foods, as defined by the dietary guidelines for Americans on essential amino acids bioavailability in young and older adults: two cross-over randomized controlled trials Loading...
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Inflammation and the pathological progression of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with low circulating choline levels
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Vegetarian & vegan diets
- Vegetarian diet and all-cause mortality: Evidence from a large population-based Australian cohort - the 45 and Up Study Loading...
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- Debunking the vegan myth: The case for a plant-forward omnivorous whole-foods diet Loading...
- The hidden dangers of plant-based diets affecting bone health: A cross-sectional study with U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data from 2005–2018 Loading...
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- Association between meatless diet and depressive episodes: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil) Loading...
Plant compounds
- A potential pathogenic role of oxalate in autism Loading...
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Major antinutrients found in plant protein sources: their effect on nutrition
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Oxalate induces breast cancer
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Abstract P3-01-02: Oxalate microcalcifications induce breast cancer tumors
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Lost seasonality and overconsumption of plants: risking oxalate toxicity
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Stopping or reducing dietary fiber intake reduces constipation and its associated symptoms Ho KS, Tan CYM, Mohd Daud MA, Seow-Choen F. Stopping or reducing dietary fiber intake reduces constipation and its associated symptoms
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Effectiveness of using a behavioural intervention to improve dietary fibre intakes in children with constipation
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Effect of dietary fiber on constipation: A meta analysis
Loading... - Induction of mitochondrial nitrative damage and cardiac dysfunction by chronic provision of dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids Loading...
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Dietary oxalate and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis Loading... -
Calcium oxalate deposits in leaves of Corchorus olitorius as related to accumulation of toxic metals
Loading... - Could Alzheimer’s disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Loading...
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Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods
Loading... - Meat and soy protein affect calcium homeostasis in healthy women Loading...
- Soy protein, phytate, and iron absorption in humans Loading...
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Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy that clinically manifested as nephrotic syndrome
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Various possible toxicants involved in thyroid dysfunction: A review
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Omega-6 vegetable oils as a driver of coronary heart disease: the oxidized linoleic acid hypothesis
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Transient hyperoxaluria after ingestion of chocolate as a high risk factor for calcium oxalate calculi
Loading... - Vegetable oil or animal fat oil, which is more conducive to cardiovascular health among the elderly in China? Loading...
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Bioavailability of soluble oxalate from spinach eaten with and without milk products
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Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism
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Diet high in linoleic acid dysregulates the intestinal endocannabinoid system and increases susceptibility to colitis in mice
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Carbohydrate-based diet may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease: A pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies
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Dysregulation of hypothalamic gene expression and the oxytocinergic system by soybean oil diets in male mice
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Soybean oil is more obesogenic and diabetogenic than coconut oil and fructose in mouse: potential role for the liver
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Sugar industry and coronary heart disease research
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Food industry
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The characteristics and extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed research articles from 10 leading nutrition-related journals in 2018
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Ethics
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Field deaths in plant agriculture
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Climate & environment
- The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land Loading...
- Reassessing the role of grazing lands in carbon-balance estimations: Meta-analysis and review Loading...
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Ecosystem impacts and productive capacity of a multi-species pastured livestock system
Loading... - Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in Midwestern USA beef finishing systems Loading...
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The role of ruminants in reducing agriculture's carbon footprint in North America
Loading... - Animal source foods: Sustainability problem or malnutrition and sustainability solution? Perspective matters Loading...
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Forages and pastures symposium: Cover crops in livestock production: Whole-system approach: Managing grazing to restore soil health and farm livelihoods
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Assessing the role of cattle in sustainable food systems
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Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint?
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Sustainable livestock systems to improve human health, nutrition, and economic status
Loading... - Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate Loading...
- Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint Loading...
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Managing grazing animals to achieve nutrient cycling and soil improvement in no-till integrated systems
Loading... - Sustainability of holistic and conventional cattle ranching in the seasonally dry tropics of Chiapas, Mexico Loading...
- Impacts of holistic planned grazing with bison compared to continuous grazing with cattle in South Dakota shortgrass prairie Loading...
- Friend or foe? The role of animal-source foods in healthy and environmentally sustainable diets Loading...
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Ecosystem management using livestock: embracing diversity and respecting ecological principles
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Evaluating the impacts of alternative grazing management practices on soil carbon sequestration and soil health indicators
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Grazing facilitates litter-derived soil organic carbon formation in grasslands by fostering microbial involvement through microenvironment modification
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Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions
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Loss of grazing by large mammalian herbivores can destabilize the soil carbon pool
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Adaptive multi-paddock grazing management’s influence on soil food web community structure for: increasing pasture forage production, soil organic carbon, and reducing soil respiration rates in southeastern USA ranches
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Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems
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Vegetation, water infiltration, and soil carbon response to Adaptive Multi-Paddock and Conventional grazing in Southeastern USA ranches
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Soil carbon stocks and nitrous oxide emissions of pasture systems in Orinoquía region of Colombia: Potential for developing land-based greenhouse gas removal projects
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Accelerating regenerative grazing to tackle farm, environmental, and societal challenges in the upper Midwest
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Adaptive multi-paddock grazing enhances soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and stabilization through mineral association in southeastern U.S. grazing lands
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Expanding grass-based agriculture on marginal land in the U.S. Great Plains: The role of management intensive grazing
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Climate change mitigation as a co-benefit of regenerative ranching: insights from Australia and the United States
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Protection of permafrost soils from thawing by increasing herbivore density
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A half century of holistic management: what does the evidence reveal?
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Soil greenhouse gas emissions as impacted by soil moisture and temperature under continuous and holistic planned grazing in native tallgrass prairie
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Simulating the influence of integrated crop-livestock systems on water yield at watershed scale
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The effect of Holistic Planned Grazing™ on African rangelands: a case study from Zimbabwe
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Enhancing soil organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and microbial biomass in semi-arid rangeland using pasture enclosures
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Grasslands may be more reliable carbon sinks than forests in California
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Evaluating the ranch and watershed scale impacts of using traditional and adaptive multi-paddock grazing on runoff, sediment and nutrient losses in North Texas, USA
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Potential mitigation of midwest grass-finished beef production emissions with soil carbon sequestration in the United States of America
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Emerging land use practices rapidly increase soil organic matter
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GHG mitigation potential of different grazing strategies in the United States Southern Great Plains
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Global cooling by grassland soils of the geological past and near future
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Effect of grazing on soil-water content in semiarid rangelands of southeast Idaho
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Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie
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Conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change
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Advocating meat-based nutrition & support of meat, egg & dairy farming.
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